Ma graphite fillers ndi zida zogwirira ntchito zopangidwa ndi graphite monga maziko ake ndikuphatikizidwa ndi zinthu zina zothandizira. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri posindikiza, kudzoza, kutulutsa magetsi, komanso kukana dzimbiri. Kuchita kwawo kwakukulu kumadalira makamaka mapangidwe ndi chiŵerengero cha zigawo zawo zazikulu, makamaka khalidwe la graphite palokha ndi zowonjezera zomwe zimaphatikizidwa.
Graphite: Chigawo Chachikulu cha Graphite Fillers
Graphite ndiye chigawo chachikulu cha zodzaza ma graphite, zomwe zimakhala ndi 60% mpaka 95% ya mapangidwe onse, ndi gawo lapadera kutengera zofunikira. Ma graphite achilengedwe komanso opanga amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zopangira, koma ma microstructures awo ndi zinthu zimasiyana. Natural graphite (monga flake graphite) imakhala ndi kristalo wosanjikiza ndi zomangira zofooka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuzimitsa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti{4}}zidzipaka bwino. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, graphite yopangidwa (monga-kutentha kwambiri kwa petroleum coke{7}based graphite) nthawi zambiri imakhala yoyera komanso imakhala ndi zonyansa zochepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito zomwe zimafuna kukhazikika kwa mankhwala.
Makhalidwe abwino a graphite amapangitsa kuti ikhale yodzaza kwambiri:
1.
Kudzitchinjiriza-Kudzitchinjiriza: Ma graphite amatsetsereka mosavuta pakati pawo, kumachepetsa kukalamba pakawuma kapena kutsika-mafuta.
2.
Kukana Kutentha Kwambiri: Graphite imatha kugwira ntchito mokhazikika mpaka pafupifupi madigiri 450 mumlengalenga komanso ngakhale kupitirira 3000 digiri mu mpweya wolowera.
3.
Kukhazikika Kwama Chemical: Graphite imawonetsa kukana kwazinthu zambiri zama mankhwala, kupatula ma acid amphamvu oxidizing (monga concentrated nitric acid ndi sulfuric acid).
4.
Conductivity: Graphite ili ndi madulidwe abwino kwambiri amagetsi, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kusindikiza kapena kugwiritsa ntchito antistatic.
Zothandizira Zowonjezera: Chinsinsi Pakukweza Magwiridwe Onse
Ngakhale kuti graphite ndiye chigawo chachikulu, zodzaza ma graphite nthawi zambiri zimavutikira kukwaniritsa zovuta zogwirira ntchito. Choncho, zowonjezera zowonjezera nthawi zambiri zimawonjezeredwa kuti ziwongolere ntchito zawo. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo:
1. Zomangira (monga utomoni, mphira, kapena zitsulo oxides)
Zomangira zimakulitsa mphamvu zamakina ndi mawonekedwe a ma graphite fillers, kuwapangitsa kukhala oyenera njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira (monga kuumba, kutulutsa, kapena kuyika). Mwachitsanzo:
• Zomangira utomoni (monga phenolic resins ndi epoxy resins): Zimawonjezera kulimba kwa zodzaza ndi kukana kwa mankhwala, kuzipangitsa kukhala zoyenera kusindikiza static.
• Zomangira mphira (monga mphira wa nitrile ndi fluororubber): Kupititsa patsogolo kusinthasintha ndi kusindikiza kwamphamvu, koyenera kubwereza kapena kusindikiza zisindikizo.
• Metal oxides (monga zinc oxide ndi aluminiyamu oxide): Kupititsa patsogolo kusinthasintha kwa kutentha ndi -kutentha kwambiri.
2. Kulimbitsa ulusi (monga carbon fiber, glass fiber, ndi aramid fiber):
Kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu zamakina ndi kukana kwa ma graphite fillers, ulusi wolimbitsa nthawi zambiri umawonjezeredwa. Mwachitsanzo:
• Mpweya wa kaboni: Umakhala wamphamvu kwambiri-osagwirizana ndi kutentha, woyenerera-kutentha kwambiri ndi{2}}malo otchinga kwambiri.
• Ulusi wagalasi: Mtengo wotsika komanso umapangitsa kuti chodzazacho chisagwe misozi.
• Fiber ya Aramid: Imapereka kukana kwamphamvu kwambiri komanso kulimba kwamphamvu, koyenera kugwira ntchito movutikira.
3. Mafuta Olimba (monga Molybdenum Disulfide ndi Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE))
Nthawi zina {{0}zolemetsa kapena zotsika{1}}zothamanga kwambiri, ma graphite sangapatse mafuta okwanira, kotero mafuta ena olimba amawonjezedwa:
• Molybdenum Disulfide (MoS₂): Kuchita bwino kwambiri pansi pa kutentha kwakukulu ndi katundu wambiri, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamodzi ndi graphite.
• Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE): Ili ndi coefficient yotsika kwambiri ya kukangana ndipo ndiyoyenera kusindikiza ntchito zomwe zimafuna kugundana kochepa.
Kusintha Kwamapangidwe a Special Graphite Fillers
Mapangidwe a ma graphite fillers amatha kupangidwa kuti agwirizane ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana:
• Kuwonongeka-Zomwe Zisagwira Ma Graphite: Mafuta achitsulo monga faifi tambala ndi siliva amawonjezedwa kuti asidi ndi alkali asamve bwino.
• Zopangira Ma Graphite Fillers: Kuyera kwa graphite kumawonjezeka ndipo ufa wamkuwa kapena carbon nanotubes amawonjezeredwa kuti apititse patsogolo khalidwe.
• High-Purity Graphite Fillers: High-purity (>99%) graphite yopanga imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa zonyansa, kukwaniritsa zofunikira za semiconductor ndi mafakitale a nyukiliya.
Ma graphite fillers amapangidwa ndi graphite, ndipo magwiridwe antchito amakongoletsedwa ndi magawo asayansi azinthu zothandizira monga zomangira, ulusi wolimbitsa, ndi mafuta olimba. Kuchita bwino kwambiri kumadalira mtundu wa graphite (yachilengedwe kapena yopanga), chiyero chake, ndi kusankha kwa zigawo zikuluzikulu. Chifukwa cha kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo wamafakitale, mapangidwe a ma graphite fillers adzakhala abwino kwambiri kuti akwaniritse zofunikira zazamlengalenga, mafakitale amphamvu ndi mankhwala, ndi zida zapamwamba-zomaliza.
