Pepala la graphite, lopangidwa ndi kaboni- lopangidwa mwaluso, likuwonetsa kuthekera kokulirapo pazamagetsi, kasamalidwe ka matenthedwe, ndi mphamvu zatsopano chifukwa champhamvu yake yamagetsi ndi matenthedwe komanso mawonekedwe ake opepuka. Komabe, kukonzekera kwake kumafuna kuwongolera kwakukulu pazigawo zamachitidwe, ndipo kudziwa njira zazikulu ndizofunikira kuti zitsimikizire kuti zikuyenda bwino.
Kusankha zinthu zopangira komanso kusamalidwa kale ndizofunikira kwambiri. -kuyera kwachilengedwe kwa graphite kapena ma graphite owonjezera ndiye zinthu zoyambira, zoyera zopitilira 99% kupewa zonyansa. Pa pretreatment siteji, graphite ndi oxidized ndi intercalating wothandizira (monga asidi sulfuric kapena asidi nitric) kupanga exfoliable graphite intercalation mankhwala. Pa sitepe iyi, intercalating wothandizira ndende, kutentha anachita, ndi nthawi anachita ayenera ndendende kulamulidwa-Mwachitsanzo, chiŵerengero cha anaikira asidi sulfuric kuti graphite ndi amangoona 3:1 kuti 5:1, ndi kutentha anachita ayenera kukhala pakati 0-5 digiri kuteteza structural kuwonongeka chifukwa kwambiri exotherm.
Njira zopangira ma exfoliation ndi kupanga mafilimu zimakhudza mwachindunji mawonekedwe a pepala la graphite. Njira zodziwika bwino zimaphatikizira kutulutsa kwamakina ndi kutulutsa mpweya wamankhwala (CVD). Mu makina exfoliation, intercalated graphite exfoliated kukhala single kapena zochepa-layer graphene ntchito mkulu-speed ball mphero kapena ultrasonic dispersion. Izi zimapangidwa kukhala pepala-ngati kapangidwe ka vacuum kusefera kapena kalendala. Panthawi imeneyi, mtundu ndi kuchuluka kwa dispersant (monga N-methylpyrrolidone) ziyenera kukonzedwa kuti zisamaphatikize mapepala. Komano, CVD imagwiritsa ntchito gwero la kaboni monga methane kuti ipange graphene pagawo lachitsulo (monga failo la faifi) powola{9}}kutentha kwambiri. The graphene ndiye anasamutsa chandamale gawo lapansi. Kuwongolera kukula ndi kufanana ndizovuta, ndipo kutentha kuyenera kusungidwa pa 800-1000 digiri.
Kukonza positi-ndi kuwongolera katundu nakonso ndikofunikira. Kupondereza kumatha kusintha kwambiri kachulukidwe ndi kutenthetsa kwa pepala la graphite. Kutentha kotentha kovomerezeka ndi 2000-3000 digiri, ndipo kupanikizika kumayendetsedwa pa 5-10 MPa. Kupanikizika kwambiri kungayambitse kusweka kwa brittle. Kuphatikiza apo, magwiridwe antchito apamwamba (monga polima kapena zokutira zitsulo) amatha kumamatira ku zida, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera pamagetsi osinthika.
Mwachidule, kukonzekera pepala la graphite ndiukadaulo wosiyanasiyana womwe umafunikira kuwongolera kolondola pa sitepe iliyonse, kuchokera kuzinthu zopangira mpaka zomaliza. Ndi kukhathamiritsa kwa ndondomeko ndi kukweza kwa zipangizo, malire a ntchito ya mapepala a graphite adzapitilizidwa, kupereka mwayi wochuluka-wopanga makina apamwamba.
