Monga membala wofunikira m'banja la zinthu za kaboni, mapepala a graphite amawonetsa mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, zamagetsi, uinjiniya wamankhwala, ndi zakuthambo chifukwa cha kutenthetsa kwawo komanso magetsi, kukhazikika kwamankhwala, komanso mphamvu zamakina. M'zaka zaposachedwa, ndi kupita patsogolo kwachangu kwa sayansi ndi uinjiniya, kafukufuku wamapepala a graphite apitilirabe kuzama, zomwe zapangitsa kuti pakhale kupita patsogolo kwakukulu pamapangidwe, kukhathamiritsa kwa magwiridwe antchito, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito magwiridwe antchito.
1. Graphite Mapepala Kukonzekera Technology
Kukonzekera kwa mapepala a graphite kumakhudza mwachindunji mawonekedwe awo a microstructure ndi macroscopic, motero amakhalabe malo ofufuza. Kale, mapepala a graphite nthawi zambiri amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito kuponderezana kapena -kutentha kwambiri kwa graphite yachilengedwe, koma njirazi zimabweretsa kusachulukira pang'ono ndi kufanana. M'zaka zaposachedwa, ochita kafukufuku apanga njira zingapo zokonzekera zatsopano, kuphatikiza ma chemical vapor deposition (CVD), polima precursor conversion, ndi njira zosakanizidwa (mwachitsanzo, ma graphite composites okhala ndi utomoni, zitsulo, kapena zoumba).
Zina mwa izo, ukadaulo wa CVD utha kuyika-kanema wapamwamba kwambiri wa graphite pamalo ocheperako. Poyang'anira chiŵerengero ndi kutentha kwa mpweya wa reactant (monga methane, haidrojeni, ndi argon), chiwerengero cha zigawo za graphite ndi kukula kwambewu zimatha kuyendetsedwa bwino. Kuphatikiza apo, pyrolytic graphitization yotengera zoyambira polima monga polyimide (PI) nayonso yakopa chidwi. Njira imeneyi imagwiritsa ntchito-mankhwala otenthetsera kwambiri (opitirira madigiri 2800) kutulutsa mpweya wa carbonize ndikusinthanso zinthu zamoyo kukhala graphite. Mapepala a graphite omwe amatsatira amawonetsa kuyang'ana kwakukulu komanso kusinthasintha kwabwino kwa kutentha.
2. Kukhathamiritsa kwa Ntchito ndi Kafukufuku Wosintha
Kukhathamiritsa kwa mapepala a graphite kumayang'ana kwambiri matenthedwe matenthedwe, mphamvu zamagetsi, mphamvu zamakina, komanso kukana dzimbiri. Pankhani ya kutenthedwa kwa kutentha, ofufuza apeza kuti kukulitsa kapendekedwe ka interlayer kwa mapepala a graphite (monga rolling-assisted orientation) kungawongolere kwambiri -planer conductivity yawo. Kutentha kwa mapepala a graphite omwe ali pamwamba kwambiri apitirira 1500 W/(m·K). Pankhani yamagetsi amagetsi, doping yokhala ndi zinthu monga nayitrogeni ndi boron kapena kuyambitsa magawo olimbikitsira monga ma carbon nanotubes ndi graphene kumatha kupititsa patsogolo kayendedwe ka ma elekitironi.
Pankhani ya mphamvu zamakina, pomwe mapepala a graphite ali ndi mphamvu zopondereza kwambiri, kulimba kwawo komanso kulimba kwake kumakhala kotsika, kumachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito-zonyamula. Kuti athane ndi izi, ofufuza afufuza njira monga mpweya wa kaboni-wolimbitsa ma graphite composites ndi mapepala a graphite/zitsulo, kupititsa patsogolo luso lawo poyambitsa{3}}zigawo zamphamvu za sekondi{4}}zambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, pazinthu zinazake (monga chitetezo cha dzimbiri), matekinoloje okutira pamwamba (monga kupaka faifi tambala, zokutira za SiC, kapena zokutira za Al₂O₃) akugwiritsidwa ntchito kukulitsa kukana kwa dzimbiri kwa mapepala a graphite.
3. Kupita patsogolo kwa Mapulogalamu Ogwira Ntchito
Makhalidwe apadera a mapepala a graphite awapangitsa kukhala ofunika m'madera osiyanasiyana. M'gawo la mphamvu, -mapepala a graphite apamwamba kwambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu lithiamu battery thermal management, semiconductor device heat dissipation, and solar thermal conversion systems. Mwachitsanzo, mapepala a graphite amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati magawo ochotsera kutentha m'mapaketi amagetsi amagetsi, kuchepetsa kutentha kwa batire ndikuwonjezera moyo wa batri.
M'gawo la zamagetsi, mapepala a graphite, chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zabwino kwambiri zamagetsi, amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mabwalo osinthasintha, zipangizo zotetezera ma elekitirolekiti, ndi zigawo zoziziritsira kutentha kwa -zida zamagetsi zamagetsi. Kuphatikiza apo, kupanga ma graphene{2}}mashiti ophatikizika a graphite kumapereka njira zothetsera{3}}zida zamakono-zanthawi zonse zamagetsi zamagetsi. M'makampani opanga mankhwala, mapepala a graphite, chifukwa cha kutentha kwake-kwambiri komanso kuwononga{7}}kupanda dzimbiri, ndiabwino kusankha zomangira zomangira, zotsekera, ndi zosefera-zotentha kwambiri.
4. Malangizo a Kafukufuku Wamtsogolo
Ngakhale kuti kafukufuku wa mapepala a graphite apindula zambiri, zovuta zidakalipo, monga kukwera mtengo- kwa kupanga kwakukulu ndi kusakhazikika kokwanira m'madera ena ovuta kwambiri. Kafukufuku wamtsogolo angayang'ane mbali zotsatirazi:
1. Ukadaulo wobiriwira ndi wotsika-wopanga zotsika mtengo: Kupanga mphamvu-zochita zogwirira ntchito zolimbikitsira kugwiritsa ntchito mapepala a graphite m'mafakitale;
2. Mapangidwe ophatikizika amitundu yambiri: Kuwongolera kutentha, magetsi, ndi makina amakina kudzera m'mapangidwe apangidwe;
3. Kusinthasintha kwachilengedwe: Kuphunzira-kukhazikika kwa nthawi yayitali kwa mapepala a graphite pansi pa kutentha kwakukulu, cheza champhamvu, kapena dzimbiri;
4. Kuyang'ana mapulogalamu omwe akubwera: Mapulogalamu oziziritsa pazida zambiri, ukadaulo wapamlengalenga, ndi zida zamankhwala.
Mwachidule, kafukufuku wamasamba a graphite akukula mwachangu. Ndi kupita patsogolo kwa luso lazopangapanga, kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito, ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka magwiridwe antchito, ntchito yake pakupanga{1}}mafakitale apamwamba ndi omwe akutukuka kumene ikhala yofunika kwambiri.
